Sex After Menopause Pregnancy

reproductive questions?

1. Describe the physiological changes that occur in a female at menopause. Is there a “male menopause”?
2. What is the function of the pampiniform plexus? Why is it important?
3. Many sperm will take the same path toward fertilizing an egg.
What prevents more than one sperm from fertilizing an egg?
4. What would happen to FSH and LH levels after a male is castrated? And after oophorectomy in a female?
5. What is the role of the corpus luteum in pregnancy? What takes over its role?
6. Describe the roles of mitosis and meiosis in the production and development of an embryo.
7. Describe the roles of sex hormones in the process of reproduction.

You have asked too many questions at a time which will consume a lot of time to answer all.So I am choosing only one question to answer i.e. Q.No.5.
Corpus Luteum and it's role in pregnancy -- Corpus luteum grows on the remains of the ruptured follicle.When ovulation occurs the cells inside the follicle rapidly multiply and fill up the cavity forming corpus luteum.These cells of the corpus luteum secrete progesterone,a female hormone.which plays a major role.First understand that the follicle ruptures on the 14th.day of a 28 day menstrual cycle and ovulation occurs.Then corpus luteum develops on the ruptured follicle and attains maximum size on 19th.day of the cycle.
In the absence of pregnancy the corpus luteum persists up to 27th.day of the cycle and degenerates on the 28th.day after which menstruation begins.If pregnancy takes place the corpus luteum continues to grow and attains it's largest size about the 3rd.or 4th.month.
Progesterone is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy and various changes associated with it.
1.Responsible for premenstrual changes of uterine mucosa.
2. a)Embedding of ovum : It causes premenstrual hypertrophy of endometrium which is essential for the reception and embedding of the fertilised ovum.
b)Inhibits contractility of uterus : As a result growth of embryo and development of fetus continues.In absence of progesterone the developed foetus is dislodged and expelled out.
3.Inhibits menstrual cycle and ovulation : During pregnancy,maturation of follicles,ovulation and menstrual cycle is inhibited.This is due to inhibitory action of progesterone on the secretion of FSHfrom pituitary.
Hope this much information is sufficient on this platform.

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